Turbine.



W. G. WALKER.

TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED DEC. 22, 1911.

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Patented May 27, 1913.

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W. G. WALKER.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED 1120.22, 1911.

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Tim.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 27, 1913.

Application filed December as, 1911. Serial No. semen To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WiLLIAM GEORGE WALKER, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at 2 Emery Hill street, Westminster, London, England, have invented certa-in new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to turbines wherein either steam, gas, air or water are used as motive fluid, and the invention has for objects to simplify the construction by a reduction in the number of blades, and to increase the 'efliciency by an improved arrangement whereby the motive fluid impinges actively upon the blades for a longer period and with consequently increased propulsive' effect than heretofore.

The invention is especially applicable to the type of steam turbines generally known as velocity or impulse turbines, in which the motive fluidis expanded by means of one.

or more divergent nozzles and impingesat a high velocity upon eachof a number of blades or vanes, carried by the rotor, as it rotates past said nozzle or nozzles. The ordinary impulse turbine is generally provided with a large'number of blades or vanes which are only eflective during the time they are receiving the motive fluid in their passage past the nozzle or nozzles.

According to this invention four or eight, or if necessary a greater number of blades are generally employed, which are spaced at equal distances circumferentially of the rotor within a channel or passage into which the motive fluid is directed by a nozzle or a number of nozzles and from which the motive fluid escapes or is exhausted after imact with the blades by means of apertures in a wall of said channel or. passage.

The motive fluid may either be directed on to the rotor in a direction tangential or approximately tangential to the eriphery of same, or the motive fluid may be ed to the rotor in a direction tangential or approximately tangential to the inner circumference of the rotor. Or, alternatively, the motive fluid may be injected by nozzles arranged near the circumference of and obliquely to the vertical plane of the rotor.

The rotor with its blades or vanes is inclosed in an annular casing within which the rotor is a good fit in order to reduce leak age of the motive fluid.-

' The blades on vanes uponthe rotor are I i of curved section, and the motivefluid issuing from the nozzle or nozzles impinges on the concave surfaces of said blades and, aseach blade rot-ates away from the nozzle the motive fluid passing along the aforesaid channel or passage follows up the blade so that each blade has a continuous current of motive fluid impinging upon it from the time it passes one inlet nozzle and until it reaches the next adjacent inlet nozzle. For example, if only four equidistantly spaced blades and two diametrically opposed nozzles are employed each of the blades would have a continuous current of motive fluid from the same nozzle impinging thereupon for a quarter of a revolution of the rotor.

- In some cases the blades may be of double curved section and may be adapted to exhaust the motive fluid through apertures situated on vboth sides of the rotor, a defleeting vane or partition being formed at the point of junction of the two adjacent curved surfaces.

The exhaust apertures adjacent the respective blades are so arranged that the motive fluid after impact with the concave surface of each blade is discharged immediately in a reverse direction with as little shock as possible and in such a manner as not to interfere with the incoming motive fluid.

The aforesaid circumferential channel or.

tive fluid passes, into an exhaust chamber formed in the casing of the turbine whence it may be discharged to-a condenser or may be carried to a second rotor or to a multiplicity of rotors 'in succession, or may be otherwise dealt with as desired. I

The turbine may be reversible, in which case the nozzles for the admission of motive fluidare duplicated, the one series admitting motive fluid in a clockwise direction and the other series admitting motive fluid in a counter-clockwise direction, and the blades are formed of concave sect-ion on the reverse side and apertures are arranged adjacent thereto for the exhaust of the motive fluid after impact therewith.

Several forms of the invention are illustrated by Way of example in the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a front elevation, partly in section, of a reversible turbine constructed in accordance with the invention, whereof the rotor is provided with four blades. Fig. 2 is a half section, half side elevation of the turbine shown in Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and 4 are fragmentary views, drawn to a larger scale, of the periphery of the rotor, Fig. 3 showing one form of blade which may be adopted for a reversible turbine, and Fig. 4 showing a' similar form of blade for a non-reversible turbine. Fig. 5 is a front elevation (with part 'of the casing removed) of a modified form of turbine. Fig. 6 is a section on line A, A, of Fig. 5, and Fig. 7 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the rotor illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. Fig. 8 is a vertical section of a second modified construction of turbine. Fig. 9 is a section on line B, B, Fig. 8, and Fig. 10 is a side elevation of the rotor shown in Figs. 8 and 9. Fig. 11 is a fragmentary view illustrating a modification of the rotor blades shown in Figs. 3 and 4.

In all the figures the invention is illustrated to a certain extent diagrammatically.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the turbine comprises a casing 1 having a cover or endplate 2, and two pairs of oppositely disposed valve-controlled nozzles 3, 3, 4, .4, whereby the motive fluid is delivered to the turbine. 5 is the rotor which is mounted upon a shaft 6 supported in suitable bearings in the casing 1 and cover plate 2 respectively, and said rotor is formed with a peripheral groove or channel 7 and with four equally spaced blades 8. As will be seen by reference to Fig. 3 said blades 8 are of-double curved section in front and in rear and extend transversely of the periphery of the rotor 5. At the point of junction of each pair of curved surfaces a vane or partition 9 is formed whichprojects into the aforesaid channel or groove 7 and serves to deflect the current of motive fluid equally on to both curved surfaces forming the blade. I

At a point adjacent to each vane 8 the side wall of the channel or groove 7 is formed with a rearwardly inclined aperture 10 through which the motive fluid after impact with the blade 8 is deflected into an exhaust chamber 11 whence said motive fluid passes by way of apertures 12, 12, and passage 13 to a condenser, to a second rotor, or is other wise suitably dis osed of.

A two-way .va ve 14 in a casing 15 at each side of the machine controls the supply of motive fluid to said nozzles, the two valves 14 being connected by suitable means (not shown) whereby said valves may be operated simultaneousl to change the direction of flow of the motlve fluid and therefore to effect reversal'of the direction of rotation of the turbine.

Ihe pair of nozzles 3, 3, deliver motive fluid to cause the rotor to revolve in a clockwise direction, and the motive fluid delivered by. the pair of nozzles 4, 4, revolves the rotor in a counter-clockwise direction.

The stream of motive fluid issuing from either pair of nozzles 3, 3, or 4, 4, as the case may be impinges at high velocity upon a passing blade 8 which blade said stream follows up by rushing along the channel or groove 7.

By omitting one pair'of nozzles 3, 3, or 4, 4, and by employing the form of blade as shown in Fig. 4, the turbine illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 may be made non-reversible.

In the construction of rotor illustrated in Fig. 11 the channel or passage 7 is formed at one side of the periphery of the rotor 5, two rotors being placed back to back; and separated by a partition 16, and the motive fluid after escaping from the apertures 10. in one rotor being expanded and led at a reduced pressure into the passage 7 of the second rotor to act upon the blades 8 of same, the rotors being thus arranged in order to balance the machine.

Referring to Figs. 5, 6 and 7, another construction .is shown wherein the motive fluid is introduced by means of two oppositely disposed pairs of nozzles whereof one pair is arranged at the extremities of the vertical diameter of the casing and the second pair is arranged at the extremities of the horizontal diameter of the casing, both pairs being disposed obliquely to the vertical plane of the rotor As before, the turbine comprises a casing 1, cover plate 2, nozzles 3, 3, 4, 4*, (the latter not being shown) and rotor 5 mounted upon a shaft 6.

The passage or channel along which the motive fluid flows after impact with the blades 8 is constituted by a pair of concentric flanges 17, 18, arranged at the circumference ofthe rotor 5 and separated by a web 19 which extends up to within a short distance of each curved blade 8. The blades 8 have curved surfaces on both front and rear faces to receive motive fluid either from the pair of nozzles 3, 3, or 4, 4, according to whether the turbine is to be rotated in a clockwise or a counter-clockwise direction.

As in the previous construction, the motive fluid issuing from each of the nozzles impinges upon the curved surface of a passing blade 8 and follows up same along the passage or channel 7 formed by the flanges 17, 18 and web 19, escaping after impact with the blade b way of the space 10 between the end 0 the web 19 and the surface of the adjacent blade through which space the motive fluid is deflected, by the curved surface of the blade, in a rearward direction into exhaust chamber 11 whence the motive fluid escapes by way of aperture 13.

If desired a greater number of blades and nozzles may be em loyed, but it is preferabli to employ a re atively small number of eac In Figs. 8, 9 and 10 the admission of the motive fluid is effected by means of nozzles which are arranged substantially tangentially to the inner circumference of the rotor.

Thecasing 1 of the turbine is recessed as shown in Fig. 9 and two oppositely disposed pairs 0 nozzles 3, 3, 4, 4, arranged at the circumference of said recessed portion introduce the motive fluid to the rotor.

At its circumference the rotor 5 isof substantially H-section, the horizontal web 20 extending up to within a short distance of the front and rear surfaces respectively of two adjacent blades 8, as will be seen in Fig. 8. v

The motive fluid enters by way of one or other of the pair of nozzles 3, 3, 4, 4, and impinges upon the curved surfaces of the blades 8, following same up as before along the passage or channel 7 formed between the web 20 and the casing 1 and afterward passing away through the spaces 10 between the extremities of said web 20 and the blades -8 into the exhaust chamber 11.

By dispensing with one pair of nozzles and by forming the blades 8 curved at one side only both thetwo latter forms of turbine may be made non-reversible, and in such a case the webs 19 and 20 respectively would be formed in one with the blades 8 at the rear sides of .same.

In all three forms it will be seen that the motive fluid is capable of following up a blade after initial impact with same and that the fluid therefore remains actively in contact with the blades for a longer period than is the case with turbines which employ a very large number of blades separated only by small pockets.

Varlous stages of expansion may be provided for by simple modifications in the de tails of construction, and modifications incidental to the requirements of any particular installation may be effected without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What I claim is 1. In a fluid pressure turbine, a casing, a rotor inclosed therein, the casing having an internal exhaust chamber adjacent the rotor, the rotor having assages arranged circumferentially thereof and each terminating in transverse blades, and nozzles arranged in the walls of the casing at a distance from one another greater than the length of said passages to direct the motive fluid into the passages and against the blades, the rotor having openings adjacent the blades by means of which the passages are put in com- .munication with the exhaust space and through which the motive fluid passes into the exhaust space after impact with said blades.

' 2. In a fluid pressure turbine, a casing, a rotor, a passage arranged circumferentially of said rotor, curved blades spaced at equal distances apart and arranged radially of said rotor withinsaid circumferential passage, said blades being curved on both surfaces, a supply of motive fluid, a pair of oppositely disposed nozzles arranged to inject said motive fluid int-o said circumferential passage, one of said nozzles directing said motive fluid against one surface of each blade in succession and the second of said nozzles directing said motive fluid against the other surface of each blade in succession, apertures in a wall of said passage, said apertures being adj acent'to said curved surfaces, and means for controlling the flow of motive fluid through said oppositely disposed nozzles.

In testi- 'ony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM GEORGE WALKER.

VVitn'esses:

NEWELLE E. Bnooxs,

ERNEST JOHN HILL. 

